Help save the New Zealand fairy tern / tara iti

Juvenile tara iti lifting off
Jacob Ball
Nearly fifty of New Zealand’s rarest bird

Tara iti, the New Zealand fairy tern, is our rarest endemic breeding bird. At the lowest point in 1983, only three or four breeding pairs remained.

After the most successful season in the recovery programme’s history, there are now close to fifty in the wild.

This is what intensive, patient, partnership-led conservation looks like, and this is what your support keeps going.

Tara iti is the smallest of New Zealand’s terns, weighing around 70 grams, roughly the size of your fist. Yellow bill, orange legs, and a unique colour-band combination on each bird’s leg. They nest on a handful of beaches and sandspits in Te Tai Tokerau and Tāmaki Makaurau, from Bream Bay south to Pākiri, along with several sites around the Kaipara Harbour. They are, in the truest sense of the word, endemic. They breed nowhere else on Earth.

The March 2026 census counted around 44 tara iti in the wild, up from roughly 36 at the start of the breeding season. Auckland Zoo then released ten captive-reared fledglings, bringing the total population to nearly fifty. Eleven breeding pairs across the recovery network produced that result, with the team now expecting up to fifteen pairs in the coming season.

For a species that was down to three or four breeding pairs in 1983, a 15 percent single-season increase is real recovery.

cutest tara iti pic credit Darren Markin

How a 15 percent increase happened

The increase reflects the patient, layered work that the recovery programme has been refining for years.

Intensive predator control around every active nest. Trap networks and buffer trapping pushed further out from breeding sites to reduce pressure from rats and harrier hawks. Site management at every beach where tara iti breed, run alongside iwi partners, hapū, and volunteers.

Captive rearing at Auckland Zoo. The zoo had its most successful season on record this year, hatching, rearing, and releasing ten chicks. Dr Juan Cornejo, Curator of Birds at Auckland Zoo, credits steady refinement of incubation and rearing methods over many years: “As part of this collective mahi for tara iti, Auckland Zoo has had its most successful year to date, hatching, rearing and releasing ten chicks.”

Census and monitoring, season after season, that lets the team know what is working.

DOC Programme Lead Ayla Wiles, on the trajectory: “What we’re starting to see now is a net increase off the back of two good seasons. Next season is looking promising with the potential for fifteen or more females to breed, in comparison to eleven this year, plus ten more fledglings to join the adult population.”

The eldest surviving captive-reared female is now showing signs of pairing with a wild male. If that pairing produces a clutch, it would be the strongest validation yet of the head-start approach that Auckland Zoo and DOC have built over many seasons.

What still threatens them

Tara iti nest in scrapes on open sand, which makes their eggs and chicks easy to find for rats, harrier hawks, gulls, and dogs. Storm surges, king tides, and unseasonal rain can wash nests away. Recreational use of the beaches they breed on, especially by vehicles and unleashed dogs, can drive birds off nests at exactly the wrong moment in the cycle.

The team’s response is steady and incremental: more buffer trapping, more monitoring of potential new breeding sites, more fish supplies for the head-start programme at Auckland Zoo, and ongoing habitat improvements at current breeding sites.

Partnership and governance

Tara iti recovery is led by the Department of Conservation in partnership with mana whenua: Patuharakeke Te Iwi Trust Board, Te Uri o Hau Settlement Trust, Ngā Maunga Whakahii O Kaipara Development Trust, Ngāti Wai Trust Board, and Ngāti Manuhiri Settlement Trust. Auckland Zoo leads the captive rearing programme. Other long-standing partners include The Shorebirds Trust, NZ Fairy Tern Charitable Trust, About Tern, Birds New Zealand, Auckland Council, Tara Iti Golf Club, and a network of local trapping groups.

NZ Nature Fund holds donations in a dedicated charity account and disburses against project milestones. All operational delivery sits with DOC and partner organisations.

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